

But the inclusion of the ambassadors’ wives in diplomatic ceremonial from the seventeenth century onwards also shows that this feminine role was subject to increasing formalisation. It investigates the extent to which women were involved in early modern diplomacy and demonstrates that contemporaries mostly regarded them as very efficient ‘informal’ agents who used the non-official ways of influencing other courts or politicians. The article discusses the possibilities and problems of productively combining the history of diplomacy and gender history.
